ACRONYM |
DEFINITION |
-A- |
A |
Bureau of Administration (DOS) |
AAAS |
American Association for the Advancement of Science |
ABACE |
Argentina-Brazil Bilateral Nuclear Safeguards Agency |
ABI |
Association of Biodiversity Informatics |
ABL |
Airborne Laser |
ABRC |
Advisory Board for the Research Councils (UK) |
AC |
Bureau of Arms Control (created in 1999) (DOS) |
ACA |
Agency for Cultural Affairs (Japan, part of the Ministry of Education) |
ACAP |
Annex II Countries of Asia and the Pacific (climate change group consisting of Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, U.S.) |
ACBE |
Advisory Committee on Business and the Environment (UK) |
ACC |
Administrative Committee on Coordination (UN) |
ACDA |
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency |
ACMRR |
Advisory Committee on Marine Resources Research |
ACOPS |
Advisory Committee on Protection of the Sea |
ACOST |
Advisory Council on Science and Technology (UK) |
ACRV |
Assured Crew Rescue System |
ACTS |
African Center for Technology Studies |
ADB |
African Development Bank |
ADB |
Asian Development Bank |
ADEOS |
Advanced Earth Observation Satellite (Japan) |
ADEPT |
Assisting in Deployment of Energy Practices and Technologies Program (DOE) |
A&E |
Audit and Examining |
AEA |
Atomic Energy Authority |
AEB |
Brazilian Space Agency (also see COBAE) |
AEC |
Atomic Energy Commission (India) |
AEC |
Atomic Energy Council (South Africa, Taiwan) |
AECA |
Arms Export Control Act |
AECB |
Atomic Energy Control Board (Canada) |
AECL |
Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. |
AEDD |
Arctic Environmental Data Director |
AEE |
Atomic Energy Establishment |
AEES |
Arctic Environment Protection Strategy (cooperative program between U.S., Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and Russia-- 1991) |
AELM |
APEC Economic Leaders Meeting |
AEPS |
Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy (8 nation members, including Canada and the U.S.) |
AFRIMS |
The Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (HHS & DOD) |
AG |
Australian Group |
AGARD |
Advisory Group on Aerospace Research and Development (DOD) |
AGASP |
Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program |
AGBM |
Ad-Hoc Group on the Berlin Mandate (climate change) |
AGM |
Advisory Group Meeting |
AHG |
Ad Hoc Group |
AID |
See USAID |
AID/OFDA |
Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID) |
AIDS |
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |
AIHA |
American International Health Alliance |
AIJ |
Activities Implemented Jointly |
AIST |
Agency of Industrial Science and Technology of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (Japan) |
AIT |
American Institute in Taiwan |
ALERT |
Arctic Long-Term Environmental Research Transects Program (EPA) |
ALS |
Alternate Launch Site |
AMAP |
Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program |
AMMTAP |
Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archive Project |
ANCSA |
Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971 |
ANL |
Argonne National Laboratory |
ANPA |
Agenzia Nazionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente (Italy) |
ANRE |
Agency of Natural Resources and Energy (Japan - part of MITI) |
ANWR |
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge |
AOSIS |
Alliance of Small Island States |
APEC |
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (Forum) |
APELL |
Awareness and Preparedness for Emergencies at Local Level |
APFIC |
Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission |
APGERN |
Asian-Pacific Global Environmental Research Network |
APHIS |
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA) |
APIC |
Assembly of Pacific Island Communities |
AQC |
Air Quality Commission (U.S. & Canada) |
ARA |
Bureau of Inter-American Affairs (changed to WHA in 1999) |
ARC |
Arctic Research Commission |
AR&D |
Automated Rendezvous and Docking System |
ARF |
ASEAN Regional Forum |
ARPA |
Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984 |
ARPA |
Advanced Research Projects Agency |
ARPPS |
Advanced Research Perspectives Program (NATO) |
ARS |
Agricultural Research Service (USDA) |
ARW |
Advanced Research Workshop (NATO) |
ASAP |
As Soon As Possible |
ASC |
Association of Systematics Collections |
ASEAN |
Association of Southeast Asian Nations |
ASFIS |
Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System |
ASI |
Advanced Studies Institute (NATO) |
ASI |
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (Italian Space Agency) |
ASIC |
Application-specific Semiconductor Chip |
ATC |
Air Traffic Control |
ATLAS |
Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science |
ATOC |
Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate |
ATV |
Automated Transfer Vehicle |
AVHRR |
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (NASA) |
AZT |
Anti-AIDS Drug |
-B- |
BARD |
Binational Agricultural Research and Development Foundation (U.S.-Israel) |
BATAN |
National Atomic Energy Agency (Indonesia) |
BCAE |
Bulgarian Atomic Energy Commission (NRC) |
BCIS |
Biodiversity Conservation Information System |
BDM |
Biodiversity Data Management Project |
BDMS |
Blend Down Monitoring System |
BEAC |
Barents Euro-Arctic Council |
BECC |
Border Environment Cooperation Commission (NAFTA) |
BENS |
Board of Directors of Business Executives for National Security |
BEPC |
Beijing Electron-Positron Collider |
BERPAC |
Program for Long-Term Ecological Research in Ecosystems of the Bering and Chukchi Seas and the Pacific Ocean |
BEST |
Biomass Energy Systems and Technology |
BID |
Development) |
BIE |
Bureau of International Expositions |
BIFADEC |
Board for International Food and Agricultural Development and Economic Cooperation (White House) |
BIN21 |
Biodiversity Information Network (of the CBD) |
BIN-BR |
Biodiversity Information Network -- Brazil |
BIRD |
Binational Industrial Research and Development Foundation (U.S.-Israel) |
B-ISDN |
Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network |
BIT |
Bilateral Investment Treaty |
BMFT |
Federal Ministry of Research and Technology -- Bundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie (Germany) |
BMU |
Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety (Germany) |
BMZ |
Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (Germany) |
BNC |
Binational Commission (on Conservation and Environment) |
BNL |
Brookhaven National Library |
BNSC |
British National Space Centre |
BO |
Branch Office of Embassy |
BOM |
Bureau of Mines (DOI); ceased to exist as of January 8, 1996 |
BPPT |
Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology (Indonesia) |
BRDCD |
Bangkok Diplomatic Courier Division |
BRGM |
Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres (France) |
BRIM |
Biosphere Reserve Integrated Monitoring Program |
BSF |
Binational Science Foundation (U.S.-Israel) |
BSP |
Biodiversity Support Program (USAID) |
BTU |
British Thermal Unit |
BUREC |
Bureau of Reclamation (DOI) |
BWC |
Biological (and Chemical) Warfare Convention |
-C- |
C |
Consulate |
C |
Counselor of the Department (DOS) |
C-175 |
Circular 175 (interagency process for authorization to negotiate and conclude cooperation agreements; coordinated by DOS) |
CA |
Bureau of Consular Affairs (DOS) |
CA |
Common Agenda |
CAE |
Common Agenda for the Environment (U.S.-India) |
CAFF |
Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna |
CAMP |
Code Applications and Maintenance Program (NRC) |
CANEX |
Canadian Experiments (aboard Space Shuttle) |
CAR |
Climate Action Report |
CARAD |
Civil Aircraft Research and Technology Demonstration Program |
CAREC |
Caribbean Epidemiology Center |
CARICOM |
Caribbean Community |
CARPE |
Central African Regional Environmental Program |
CASS |
China Academy of Social Sciences |
CAST |
Cooperation in Applied Science and Technology |
CBD |
Convention on Biological Diversity (US not a party) |
CBIC |
Canadian Biodiversity Informatics Consortium, Inc. |
CBIN |
Canadian Biodiversity Information Network |
CBMS |
Confidence Building Measures |
CCA |
Corporate Council on Africa |
CCAMLR |
Convention on Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (28 signatories, including U.S.) |
CCAP |
Climate Change Action Plan |
CCCO |
Committee on Climate Changes and the Ocean |
CCD |
Convention to Combat Desertification |
CCMS |
Committee on the Challenges for Modern Society (NATO) |
CCNAA |
Coordination Council for North American Affairs (Taiwan) |
CCOHS |
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety |
CCW |
Convention on Chemical Weapons |
CD |
Conference on Disarmament |
CDA |
Conceptual Design Activity (for ITER) |
CDC |
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (HHS/PHS) |
CDM |
Clean Development Mechanism (Kyoto Climate Change protocol element) |
CDP |
Cooperative Development Program (U.S.-Israel) |
CDR |
Cooperative Development Research Program (USAID-Israel) |
CD&RI |
Contraceptive Development and Research in Immunology Program (U.S.-India) (HHS) |
CDTI |
Center for Technological Industrial Development (Spain) |
CEA |
Council of Economic Advisors (White House) |
CEA |
Atomic Energy Commission (France) |
CEAO |
Communaute Economique de l'Afrique e l'Ouest (also known as West African Economic Community, 7 members and 2 observers, established 1972) |
CEBAF |
Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (Italy) |
CEC |
Commission on Environmental Cooperation (NAFTA) |
CEC |
Commission of the European Communities |
CEE |
Space Studies Committee (Chile) |
C&EE |
Central and Eastern Europe |
CEES |
(FCCSET) Committee on Earth and Environmental Sciences |
CEFIC |
European Chemical Industry Council |
CENAM |
Center for Metrology (Mexico) |
CENAPRED |
National Center for Disaster Prevention (Mexico) |
CENR |
Committee on Environment and Natural Resources |
CEOS |
(International) Committee on Earth-Observation Satellites |
CEP |
Caribbean Environment Program |
CEPH |
Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (France) |
CERN |
Centre Europien de Recherches Nucleaires (European Center for Nuclear Research -- Geneva, Switzerland) |
CERT |
Committee on Energy Research and Technology (OECD/IEA) |
CEQ |
Council on Environmental Quality (White House) |
CFC |
Chlorofluorocarbon |
CFDT |
Committee on Forest Development in the Tropics |
CFS |
Committee on Food Security (FAO) |
CG |
Consulate General |
CGIAR |
Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research |
CGMS |
Coordination Group on Meteorological Satellites |
CHINAPAC |
Chinese public packet switching data network (opened in 1993) |
CHM |
Clearing House Mechanism (CBD) |
CHP |
Combined Heat and Power Technology |
C&I |
Criteria and Indicators |
CIDI |
Interamerican Council on Integral Development |
CIDS |
Interamerican Committee on Sustainable Development |
CIEL |
Center for International Environmental Law (Geneva) |
CIFOR |
Center for International Forestry Research |
CIMMYT |
Centro Internacionale de Mejoriamento de Mais y Trigo(International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement) |
CIS |
Commonwealth of Independent States |
CISET |
Committee on International Science, Engineering and Technology (FCCSET) |
CIT |
(U.S.) Court of International Trade |
CITES |
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species |
CISET |
Committee on International Science, Engineering and Technology |
CMA |
Chemical Manufacturers Association |
CMAA |
Customs Mutual Assistance Agreement |
CNE |
Chile's National Energy Commission |
CNEA |
National Atomic Energy Commission (Argentina) |
CNEN |
National Nuclear Energy Commission (Brazil) |
CNES |
Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (French National Center for Space Studies) |
CNG |
Compressed Natural Gas |
CNPQ |
National Research Council (Brazil) |
CNR |
National Research Council (Italy) |
CNRS |
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (French National Center for Scientific Research) |
CNS |
Council for National Safety (South Africa) (NRC) |
CNSNS |
Comision Nacional de Seguridad Nuclear y Salvaguardias (National Nuclear Safety and Safeguards Commission) (Mexico) |
COA |
Council of Agriculture (Taiwan) |
COARE |
Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment |
COB |
Close of Business (End of Workday) |
COBAE |
Comissao Brasileira de Actividades Espaciais (Brazilian Commission for Space Activities) (NASA) |
COCOM |
Coordinating Committee on Multilateral Export Controls |
COEECT |
Committee on Energy Efficiency Commerce and Trade |
COF |
Columbus Orbital Facility |
COFO |
Committee on Forestry |
ComSci |
Science and Technology Fellowship Program (DOC) |
CONABIO |
National Commission on Biodiversity (Mexico) |
CONACYT |
National Council of Science and Technology (Mexico) |
CONAE |
Civilian National Commission on Space Activities (Argentina) |
CONCAUSA |
The U.S.-Central America Joint Accord on Sustainable Development (loosely translated) |
CONICIT |
National Council for Scientific and Technological Investigations (Venezuela) |
CONICYT |
National Commission on Science and Technology (Chile) |
COP |
Conference of the Parties (signatories of convention, agreement; highest level of international meetings) |
COPUOS |
Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN) |
CORECT |
Committee on Renewable Energy, Commerce and Trade (DOE) |
COSMT |
Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing (DOC/NIST) |
COSTA |
Council on Science and Technology in the Americas |
COW |
Committee of the Whole |
CPC |
Climate Change Policy Work Group |
CPCTC |
Colombo Plan Council for Technical Cooperation |
CPPS |
Permanent Commission of the South Pacific (Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru) |
CRDF |
Civilian Research and Development Foundation (1995, U.S.-Russia) |
CRESP |
Coordinated Research and Environmental Surveillance Program |
CRG |
Collaborative Research Grant (NATO) |
CRSP |
Caribbean Regional Seas Program |
CRSP |
Cooperative Research Support Projects |
CSA |
Canadian Space Agency |
CSCT |
Superior Council for Science and Technology (Portugal) |
CSD |
Commission on Sustainable Development |
CSIR |
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (Indonesia) |
CSIST |
Chung Shan Institute of Science and Technology (AIT Taiwan) |
CSM |
Consultants Meeting |
CSMT |
U.S. Country Studies Management Team |
CSN |
Nuclear Safety Council (Spain) |
CSP |
U.S. Country Studies Program (FCCC) |
CSTP |
Committee on Science and Technology Policy (OECD) |
CTI |
Climate Technology Initiative (FCCC) |
CTIS |
Center for Trade and Investment Services (USAID) |
CTR |
Cooperative Threat Reduction |
CVG |
Guayana Development Corporation (Venezuela) |
CVI |
Children's Vaccine Initiative (U.S.-Japan) |
CWC |
Chemical Weapons Convention |
CWLR |
Civilian Light Water Reactor |
CZMU |
Control Zone Management Unit |
-D- |
D |
Office of the Deputy Secretary (DOS) |
DAD-IS |
Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (FAO) |
DARA |
German Space Agency (has been replaced with DLR |
DARPA |
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DOD) |
DEA |
Defense Exchange Agreement (DOD) |
DESY |
German Electron Synchotron Facility (Hamburg, Germany) |
DFA |
Development Fund for Africa (USAID) |
DG |
Director-General, Directorate-General |
DHHS (or HHS) |
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |
DLR |
German Space Research Facility (replaces DARA) |
DNA |
Defense Nuclear Agency (DOD) |
DNAD |
Disarmament and Nuclear Affairs Division (MOFAT, ROK) |
DOC |
U.S. Department of Commerce |
DOD |
U.S. Department of Defense |
DOE |
U.S. Department of Energy |
DOI |
U.S. Department of the Interior |
DOS |
U.S. Department of State |
DOSE |
Dynamics of the Solid Earth Program (Architecture-Engineering Academy, Kazakstan) |
DOT |
U.S. Department of Transportation |
DRAM |
Dynamic Random Access Memory |
DRG |
Defense Research Group (DOD) |
DRDO |
Defense Department (India) |
DRL |
Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (DOS) |
DRN |
National Research Council (Indonesia) |
DS |
Bureau of Diplomatic Security (DOS) |
DTC |
Defense Trade Controls |
DTI |
Department of Trade and Industry (U.K.) |
DTICC |
Defense Technological and Industrial Cooperation Committee (Korea and DOD) |
DTRA |
Defense Threat Reduction Agency |
DWFN |
Distant Water Fishing Nation |
-E- |
E |
Under Secetary For Economic, Business and Agricultural Affairs (DOS) |
E |
Embassy |
EA |
Enterprise for the Americas |
EA |
Environment Agency (Japan) |
EAP |
Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs (DOS) |
EAPC |
Euro Atlantic Partnership Council (part of NATO that consists of all partners and allies) |
EB |
Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs (DOS) |
EBRD |
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development |
EC |
European Community (see EU; title changed in 1994) |
ECA |
Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (DOS) |
ECE |
Economic Commission for Europe (UN) |
ECN |
Energy Research Foundation (the Netherlands) |
ECOFIN |
EU Ministers for the Economy and Finance |
ECOSOC |
United Nations Economic and Social Council |
ECSD |
Enquete Commission on Sustainable Development (Germany) |
ECSS |
(OECD) Executive Committee in Special Session |
ECU |
European Currency Unit |
E-Cubed |
Energy, Environment, and Economics |
EDA |
Engineering Design Activity (for ITER) |
EE |
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (DOE) |
EEC |
European Economic Community |
EEO |
Equal Employment Opportunity |
EEP |
Energy Efficient Project |
EEZ |
Exclusive Economic Zone |
EF |
Environmental Fund |
EFM(s) |
Eligible Family Member(s) |
EHC |
Environmental Health Center |
EI |
Environmental Initiative |
EIA |
Environmental Impact Assessment |
EID |
Emerging Infectious Diseases |
EIT |
Economy in Transition (countries of E. and Cen. Eur and FSU - 11 of these under the climate convention) |
ELCI |
Environmental Liaison Centre International |
ELI |
Environmental Law Institute (Mexico) |
EMAP |
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program |
EMEP |
Co-Operative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of Long-Range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe (ECE) |
EMINWA |
Environmentally Sound Management of Inland Water |
EMR |
Department of Energy, Mines and Resources (Canada) |
ENB |
Earth Negotiations Bulletin |
ENEA |
National Agency for New Technology, Energy, and the Environment (Italy) |
ENREN |
Ente Nacional Regulador Nuclear (Argentina) (NRC) |
ENRESA |
Nuclear Waste Management Authority (Spain) |
ENRM |
Environment & Natural Resources Management Project (G-7) |
ENVICAN |
Ministry of Environment (Canada) |
ENVISAT |
Environment Satellite Mission (ESA) |
EOS |
Earth Observing System |
EOSDIS |
Earth Observing System Comprehensive Data and Information System |
EPA |
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |
EPACT |
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (U.S.) |
EPD |
Environment Policy Dialogue (U.S.-Japan) |
EPOC |
Environment Policy Committee (OECD) |
EPPR |
Emergency Prevention, Preparedness, and Response (Coast Guard) |
EPT |
Environment Policy and Technology Project (USAID) |
EPZ |
Environmental Pollution Prevention Project (USAID) |
ERC |
Engineering Research Center Program (Korea) |
EREFEN |
Protocol for the Regional Study of the El Nino Phenomenon |
ERIN |
Environmental Resources Information Network (Australia) |
ESA |
Endangered Species Act |
ESA |
European Space Agency |
ESCAP |
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific |
ESD |
Conference on Environmentally Sustainable Development (World Bank) |
ESDI |
European Security Defense Initiative |
ESF |
Economic Support Funds |
ESPOO |
ECE Convention on Transboundary Impact Assessment |
ESPRIT |
European Strategic Program for Research and Development in Information Technology |
ESRC |
Economic and Social Research Council (U.K.) |
EST (or ES&T) |
Environment, Science and Technology |
ESTR |
Environment, Science and Technology Resources Statistical Package (DOS/OES) |
ESV |
Experimental Safety Vehicle (DOT) |
ETI |
Experts Center for Taxonomic Identification |
ETIP |
Energy Technology Innovation Project |
EU |
European Union (originally EC, but changed in 1994) |
EUMETSAT |
European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites |
EUR |
Bureau of European Affairs (DOS) |
EURATOM |
European Atomic Energy Commission |
EURECA |
European Retrievable Carrier (ESA) |
EUREKA |
European Research Coordinating Agency |
EV |
Electric Vehicle (DOT & DOE) |
EWG |
Environmental Working Group |
EXACT |
Executive Action Team (management body of the Middle East Peace Process Regional Water Data Banks Project) |
-F- |
FAA |
South Pacific Forum Fisheries Agency |
FAA |
U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (DOT) |
FACA |
Federal Advisory Committee Act |
FAG |
Forestry Advisers Group |
FAO |
Food and Agriculture Organization (UN) |
FAST |
Fast Auroral Snapshot Explorer |
FCCC |
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UN) |
FCCSET |
Federal Coordinating Committee for Science, Engineering, and Technology (U.S.) |
FERRO |
Far Eastern Regional Research Office (USDA & New Delhi, India) |
FFA |
South Pacific Forum Fishing Agency |
FGDC |
Federal Geographic Data Committee |
FGF |
Fisherman's Guaranty Fund |
FHA (also FHWA) |
Federal Highway Administration (DOT) |
FIBIN |
Finnish Biodiversity Information Network |
FIC |
John E. Fogarty International Center (HHS/NIH) |
FMS |
Foreign Military Sales |
FODAG |
Food and Agriculture Organizations |
FOE |
Federal Energy Office (Switzerland) |
FOFCC |
Federal Oceanographic Laboratory System |
FOIA |
Freedom of Information Act |
FOMENTO |
Development Ministry (Venezuela) |
FRA |
Federal Railroad Administration (DOT) |
FRD |
Foundation for Research Development (South Africa) |
FRDCD |
Frankfurt Diplomatic Courier Division |
FSI |
Foreign Service Institute (DOS) |
FSK |
Federal Counterintelligence Service (formerly Russia's KGB) |
FSL |
Forecast Systems Laboratory (DOC/NOAA) |
FSM |
Full Scientific Material |
FSN |
Foreign Service National |
FSO |
Foreign Service Officer (DOS) |
FSU |
(Former) Soviet Union |
FTAA |
Free Trade Area of the Americas |
FUNDEA |
Foundation for Environmental Education (Mexico) |
FWF |
Fund for the Advancement of Scientific Research |
FWIE |
Fish and Wildlife Information Exchange |
FWS |
Fish and Wildlife Service (DOI) |
FY |
Fiscal Year |
-G- |
G |
Office of the Under Secretary for Global Affairs (DOS) |
G-6 |
(Group of 6 Major Arms Suppliers - US, UK, France, Germany, Russia, Italy) |
G-8 |
Group of 8 developed countries - US, France, Italy, Germany, Japan, Britain, Canada, Russia |
GAAC |
German-American Academic Council (established in 1993) |
GAN |
Federal Nuclear and Radiation Safety Authority of the Russian Federation (NRC) |
GATT |
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade |
GAW |
Global Atmosphere Watch |
GBIF |
Global Biodiversity Information Facility |
GC |
Governing Council |
GCC |
Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission (U.S.-Russia) |
GCC |
Global Climate Change Program |
GCC |
Arab States of the Gulf - Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, & UAE) |
GCDIS |
Global Change Data and Information Management System |
GCMD |
Global Change Master Directory (NASA) |
GCOS |
Global Climate Observing System |
GCRMN |
Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network |
GCRP |
Global Change Research Program |
GDB |
Genome Data Base (John Hopkins University) |
GDIN |
Global Disaster Information Network |
GDP |
Gross Domestic Product |
GEEP |
Group of Experts on Effects of Pollutants |
GEF |
Global Environment Facility (World Bank/UNDP/UNEP) |
GEMS |
Global Environmental Monitoring System |
GEMS/WATER |
Global Water Quality Monitoring Programme |
GERD |
Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development |
GESAMP |
Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution |
GGS |
Global Geospace Science Program |
GHG |
Greenhouse Gas(es) |
GIEWS |
Global Information and Early Warning System for Food and Agriculture (FAO) |
GIFA |
Governing International Fishery Agreement (DOS) |
GIPME |
Global Investigation of Pollution in the Marine Environment |
GIS |
Global Information System |
GITSB |
Government Information Technology Services Board |
GIWG |
GPS International Working Group |
GLFC |
Great Lakes Fishery Commission |
GLOBE |
Global Learning and Observation to Benefit the Environment (DOS & EPA) |
GLOBE |
International Global Legislators for a Balanced Environment |
GLOBEC |
Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics Research Program |
GLORIA |
Geologic Long-Range Inclined Asdic System (DOI/USGS) |
GLOSS |
Global Sea-Level Observing System |
GLRS |
Geoscience Laser Ranging System |
GMO(s) |
genetically modified organism(s) |
GNG |
Greenhouse Gas(es) |
GNP |
Gross National Product |
GOIN |
Global Observation Information Network |
GOOS |
Global Ocean Observing System |
GOS |
Global Observing System of the Russian Federation (DOC/NIST) |
GOSSTANDART |
State Committee for Standardization, Metrology and Certification |
GPA |
Global Program of Action |
GPS |
Global Positioning System |
GRID |
Global Resource Information Database (UN/UNEP) |
GRULAC |
Latin American and Caribbean Group |
GSO |
General Services Operations |
GSO |
Geostationary Orbit |
GURTS |
Genetic Use Restriction Technologies |
-H- |
H |
Bureau of Legislative Affairs (DOS) |
HAN |
Highly Advanced National Projects |
HAZMAT |
Hazardous Material |
HAZMAT |
Hazardous Waste Management Training |
HCFC |
Hydrochlorofluorocarbon |
HCOPIL |
Hague Conference on Private International Law |
HDTV |
High-Definition Television System |
HERA |
Hadron Electron Ring Accelerator |
HFC |
Hydrofluorocarbon |
HFSP |
Human Frontier Science Program |
HHS (also DHHS) |
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |
HIMAC |
Heavy Ion Metal Acceleration in Chiba (Japan) |
HIV |
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (AIDS) |
HMG |
Her Majesty's Government (U.K.) |
HMIP |
Her Majesty's Government's Inspectorate of Pollution (U.K.) |
HRSA |
Health Resources and Services Adminstration (HHS) |
H&SE |
Health and Safety Executive (U.K.) |
HSDN |
High Seas Driftnet |
HST |
Hubble Space Telescope |
HUD |
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development |
HUGO |
(International) Human Genome Organization |
-I- |
IABIN |
InterAmerican Biodiversity Network |
IAC |
Information Analysis Center |
IADB |
Inter-American Development Bank (also known as Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo -- 44 members, established 1959) |
IAEA |
International Atomic Energy Agency (117 members) |
IAF |
Inter-American Foundation |
IAI |
Inter-American Institute for Global Climate Change Research |
IAPG |
Interagency Arctic Policy Group |
IAP-WASAD |
International Action Programme on Water and Sustainable Agricultural Development |
IARC |
International Agency for Research on Cancer |
IARCS |
International Agricultural Research Centers |
IARPC |
Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee |
IAQMB |
International Air Quality Management Basin |
IASAP |
International Arctic Sea Assessment Project |
IASC |
International Arctic Science Council |
IATTC |
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission |
IBAMA |
National Environment and Renewable Natural Resources Institute (Brazil) |
IBEC |
International Bank for Economic Cooperation (established 1963) |
IBEP |
International Border Environmental Plan (U.S.-Mexico) |
IBPCA |
International Bureau of the Permanent Court of Arbitration |
IBPCT |
International Bureau for the Publication of Customs Tariffs |
IBRAE |
Institute of Nuclear Safety of the Russian Academy of Sciences (NRC) |
IBRD |
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (part of World Bank lending to credit-worthy developing countries with high per capita incomes -- 177 members) |
IBSRAM |
International Board of Soil Resources and Management |
IBWC |
International Boundary Water Commission (U.S.-Mexico) |
IBWM |
International Bureau of Weights and Measurements |
ICAC |
International Cotton Advisory Committee |
ICAO |
International Civil Aviation Organization (181 members, established 1944) (UN) |
ICAR |
International Centers for AIDS Research (HHS) |
ICC |
Inuit Circumpolar Conference |
ICC |
International Chamber of Commerce (members are 59 national councils, established 1919) |
ICCA |
International Council on Chemical Associations |
ICCAT |
International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas |
ICCROM |
International Center for the Study of the Preservation and the Restoration of Cultural Property |
ICDA |
Integrated Conservation and Development Areas |
ICEM |
International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation |
ICES |
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea |
ICFA |
International Committee for Future (particle) Accelerators |
ICFTU |
International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (164 national organizations in 117 areas, established 1949) |
ICIDR |
International Centers for Infectious Diseases Research (HHS) |
ICJ |
International Court of Justice (15 judges, also known as the World Court, established 1945) |
ICLEI |
International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives |
ICMES |
International Cooperation on Marine Engineering Systems (DOT) |
ICOT |
Institute on Computer Training (Japan) |
ICPIC |
International Cleaner Production Information Clearing House |
ICRAF |
International Center for Research in Agroforestry (UN) |
ICRC |
International Committee of the Red Cross (25 Swiss nationals, established 1863) |
ICRD |
International Cooperative Research and Development Program (DOD) |
ICRI |
International Coral Reef Initiative |
ICSG |
International Copper Study Group |
ICSU |
International Council of Scientific Unions |
ICTDR |
International Centers for Tropical Disease Research (HHS/NIH) |
IDA |
International Development Association (156 members, established 1960) |
IDB |
Interamerican Development Bank (also see IADB) |
IDB |
Islamic Development Bank (47 members plus the PLO, established 1973) |
IDNDR |
International Decade on Natural Disaster Reduction (UN) |
IDRU |
Tropical Disease Research Units (HHS) |
IEA |
Information Exchange Agreement (DOD) |
IEA |
International Energy Agency (OECD) (23 members, established 1974) |
IEEA |
Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting |
IEP |
Information Exchange Project (DOD) |
IFAD |
International Fund for Agricultural Development (150 members, established 1974) (UN) |
IFC |
International Finance Cooperation (World Bank) (159 members, established 1955) |
IFCS |
International Forum on Chemical Safety |
IFDC |
International Fertilizer Development Center (USAID) |
IFF |
Intergovernmental Forum on Forests (successor to IPF) |
IFPRI |
International Food Policy Research Institute |
IFREE |
International Fund for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency |
IGADD |
Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development (6 members - Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, and Uganda) (established 1986) |
IGBP |
International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (ICSU) |
IGBP/START |
International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme/Global Change System for Analysis, Research and Training |
IGC |
International Grains Council |
IGEB |
Interagency GPS Executive Board |
IGES |
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (Japan) |
IGFA |
International Group of Funding Agencies (for Global Change Research) |
IGOSS |
Integrated Global Ocean Services System |
IHDP |
International Human Dimension Program (ICSU/ISSC) |
IHO |
International Hydrographic Organization |
IIB |
International Investment Bank (established 1970; now a Russian bank with new charter) |
IICA |
Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture |
IIEC |
International Institute for Energy Conservation |
IIP |
International Information Programs (DOS) |
IIUPL |
International Institute for the Unification of Private Law |
ILO |
International Labor Organization (169 members, established 1919) (UN) |
ILZSG |
International Lead and Zinc Study Group |
IMF |
International Monetary Fund (179 members, established 1944) (UN) |
IMI |
International Market Insight |
IML |
International Microgravity Laboratory |
IMO |
International Maritime Organization (146 members, established 1958 as Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization, name changed in 1982) (UN) |
IMS |
Intelligent Manufacturing System(s) |
INA |
Immigration and Nationality Act |
INBio |
National Biodiversity Network (Costa Rica) |
INC |
Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (for FCCC) (after COP, next highest level of international meeting) |
INCD |
Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for the Elaboration of a Convention to Combat Desertification |
INCLEN |
International Clinical Epidemiology Network (HHS/PHS/CDC) |
INEN |
Institute of Standardization (Ecuador) |
INFOTERRA |
International Environment Information System |
INL |
Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (DOS) |
INMARSAT |
International Maritime Satellite Organization (69 members, established 1976) |
INPARQUES |
Institute of National Parks of the Ministry of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (Venezuela) |
INPE |
National Space Research Institute (Brazil) |
INPEN |
Institute of Nuclear Energy (Peru) (NRC) |
INR |
Bureau of Intelligence and Research (DOS) |
INRO |
International Natural Rubber Organization |
INSALUD |
National Institute of Health (Spain) |
INSAT |
Indian National Geostationary Satellite System |
INSERM |
National Institute of Health and Science Research (France) |
INTA |
National Institute for Aerospace Technology (Spain) |
INTELSAT |
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (126 members and 56 nonsignatory users, established 1971) |
INTERPOL |
International Criminal Police Organization (170 members, established 1956) |
INTLO |
International Nuclear Technology Liaison Organization |
IO |
Bureau of International Organization Affairs (DOS) |
IOC |
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission |
IOC |
International Olympic Committee (184 members, established 1894) |
IODE |
International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange |
IOE |
International Office of Epizootics (9 members in its Administrative Commission which meets twice a year) |
IOFC |
Indian Ocean Fishery Commission |
IOLM |
International Organization for Legal Metrology |
IOM |
Institute of Medicine (National Academy of Sciences) |
IOM |
International Organization for Migration (48 members and 40 observers, established 1951 as Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration) |
IOMAC |
Indian Ocean Marine Affairs Commission |
IOTC |
Indian Ocean Tuna Commission |
IOVW |
International Office of the Vine and Wine |
IP |
Intellectual Property |
IPAC |
International Pharmaceutical Aerosol Consortium |
IPC |
Integrated Pollution Control |
IPCC |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (UN) |
IPCS |
Interational Programme on Chemical Safety |
IPF |
Intergovernmental Panel on Forests |
IPHC |
International Pacific Halibut Commission |
IPM |
Integrated Pest Management (World Bank) |
IPP |
Industrial Partnering Program (U.S.-Russia) |
IPR |
Intellectual Property Rights |
IPS |
Institute for Policy Studies |
IPSN |
Institute for Protection and Nuclear Safety (France) (NRC) |
IPU |
Interparliamentary Union |
IRAA |
International Relations Authorization Act |
IREC |
Interstate Renewable Energy Council |
IREP |
International Recruitment Programme |
IRIS |
Research Interim Stage (Italy) |
IRM |
Bureau of Information Resource Management (DOS) |
IRPTC |
International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals (UN/UNEP) |
IRRI |
International Rice Research Institute |
IRSG |
International Rubber Study Group |
ISAS |
Institute of Space and Aeronautical Sciences (Japan) |
ISF |
International Science Foundation (U.S.-Russia) |
ISO |
International Standards Organization (73 members and 20 correspondent members, established 1947) |
ISRO |
Indian Space Research Organization (Department of Space -- India) |
ISS |
International Space Station |
ISSC |
International Social Science Council |
ISTA |
International Seed Testing Association |
ISTC |
International Science and Technology Center (Moscow, Russia) (established by U.S./Japan/EU/Russia to provide work for former Soviet weapons scientists) |
ISTP |
International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Program |
ISU |
International Space University (international institution located in Strasbourg, France) |
ISY |
International Space Year (1992) |
ITCPPGP |
International Technical Conference and Program on Plant Genetic Resources (FAO) |
ITER |
International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor |
ITER |
International Technological Engineering and Research |
ITIS |
Integrated Taxonomic Information System |
ITTA |
International Tropical Timber Agreement |
ITTC |
International Tropical Tuna Commission |
ITTO |
International Tropical Timber Organization |
ITU |
International Telecommunication Union (182 members, established 1932) (UN) |
IUCH |
International Union for Circumpolar Health |
IUCN |
International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
IUU |
Illegal, unregulated and unreported |
IVHS |
Intelligent Vehicle-Highway System (DOT) |
IWC |
International Whaling Commission |
IWG |
Interagency Working Group |
IWGDMGC |
Interagency Working Group on Data Management for Global Change (U.S.) |
-J- |
JAERI |
Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute |
JAMSTEC |
Japan Marine Science and Technology Center |
JC |
Joint Committee |
JCG |
Joint Consultative Group |
JCIC |
Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission |
JCS |
Joint Chiefs of Staff (DOD) |
JDA |
Japan Defense Agency |
JDL |
Joint Directors of Laboratories (DOD) |
JEM |
Japanese Experiment Module |
JESSI |
Joint European Submicron Silicon Initiative |
JET |
Joint European Torus |
JGOFS |
Joint Global Ocean Flux Study |
JHLAP |
Joint High Level Advisory Panel |
JI |
Joint Implementation (under the Climate Convention and Kyoto Protocol) |
JICST |
Japan Information Center for Science and Technology |
JIGE |
Joint International Group of Experts (IMO) |
JINS |
Japan Institute of Nuclear Safety |
JNICT |
National Board of Scientific and Technical Research (Portugal) |
JOMAR |
Joint Office for Mapping and Research in the EEZ (DOI-USGS & NOAA) |
JRC |
Joint Research Center |
JRRC |
Japanese Reprographic Rights Center |
JSCNOET |
Joint Standing Committee on Nuclear and Other Energy Technologies (U.S.-Korea) |
JSPS |
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science |
JT-60 |
Japanese Torus (Tokamak) Fusion Device |
-K- |
KAERI |
Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute |
KAON |
Canadian High Energy Physics Project (located at Vancouver, British Columbia) |
KARI |
Kenya Agricultural Research Institute |
KBN |
State Committee for Scientific Research (Poland) |
KEDO |
Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization |
KEFRI |
Kenya Forestry Research Institute |
KEIL |
Kansas Environmental Information Lab |
KEMRI |
Kenyan Medical Research Institute (HHS) |
KETRI |
Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute |
KEVEVAPI |
Kenyan Veterinary Vaccines Production Institute |
KIEP |
Korean Institute for International Economic Policy |
KIER |
Korean Institute of Energy and Resources |
KIET |
Korean Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade |
KIGAM |
Korean Institute of Geology, Mining and Minerals |
KINS |
Korean Institute of Nuclear Safety |
KIRDI |
Kenya's Industrial Research and Development Institute |
KIST |
Korea's Institute of Science and Technology |
KMA |
Korea's Meteorological Administration |
KMUFA |
Central Technological Development Fund (Hungary) |
KOMSAT |
Korean Multi-Purpose Satellite System |
KORDI |
Korean Ocean Research and Development Institute |
KOSEF |
Korea's Science and Engineering Foundation |
KRISS |
Korean Research Institute of Standards and Science |
-L- |
L |
Office of the Legal Adviser (DOS) |
LAC |
Latin America and the Caribbean |
LAES |
Latin American Economic System (27 members, also known as Sistema Economico Latinoamericana (SELA), established 1975) |
LAGEOS |
Laser Geodynamics Satellite |
LAIA |
Latin American Integration Association (11 members and 16 observers, also known as Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion (ALADI), established 1980) |
LANL |
Los Alamos National Laboratory (DOE) |
LAPAN |
Institute of Aeronautics and Space (Indonesia) |
LAS |
League of Arab Nations (20 members, also known as The Arab League, established 1945) |
LBS |
Land-Based Sources of Marine Pollution |
LDC |
Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (aka London Convention) |
LDCs |
Least Developed Countries |
LHC |
Large Hadron Collider |
LIGO |
National Laser Interferometer Gravitational Observatory |
LLDCs |
Least Developed Countries |
LLNL |
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory |
LNG |
Liquid Natural Gas |
LO |
Liaison Office |
LOA |
Letters of Authorization |
LOCA |
Loss-of-Coolant Accident |
LOICZ |
Land-Ocean Interaction in the Coastal Zone |
LOS |
Law of the Sea (60 parties, not yet in force) |
LPG |
Liquefied Petroleum Gas |
LRTAP |
Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution |
LWR |
Light-Water Reactor |
-M- |
M |
Office of the Under Secretary for Management (DOS) |
M |
Mission |
MAB |
Man and the Biosphere Program |
MAC |
Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (Venezuela) |
MAD |
Magnetic Anomaly Detection Technology (DOT) |
MAFF |
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (U.K.) |
MAP |
Military Assistance Program |
MARAD |
Maritime Administration (DOT) |
MARI |
Mexico City Air Quality Research Initiative |
MARNR |
Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (Venezuela) |
MARPOL |
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships |
MARV |
Maneuverable Re-Entry Vehicle |
MBR |
Methyl Bromide |
MBT |
Migratory Bird Treaty (US-Canada, US-Mexico) |
MDI |
Metered Dose Inhaler |
MEA |
Multilateral Environmental Agreement |
MEDIN |
Mediterranean Disaster Information Network |
MEDLARS |
Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (HHS/NIH/NLM) |
MEDLINE |
On-Line Medical Library (NIH) |
MEM |
Ministry for Energy and Mines (Venezuela) |
MENA |
Middle East/North Africa Economic Summit |
MEPA |
Meteorological and Environmental Protection Administration (Saudi Arabia) |
MEPC |
Marine Environmental Pollution Committee |
MEPNE |
Middle East Peace Network |
MEPP |
Middle East Peace Process |
MERC |
Middle East Regional Cooperation Program (USAID) |
MERCOSUR |
Southern Cone Common Market (4 members - Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, established 1991) |
MERP |
Marine Ecosystem Response Project |
MERTU |
Medical Entomology Research and Training Unit (HHS/CDC) |
METEOSAT |
Meteorological Satellite(s) |
METOC |
Meteorology and Oceanography |
MFA or MOFA |
Ministry of Foreign Affairs |
MFCMA |
Magnuson Fisheries Conservation and Management Act |
MIC |
Minister of Information and Communication (ROK) |
MIDS |
Multi-Functional Information Distribution System (DOD) |
MIGA |
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (World Bank) |
MINATOM |
Ministry of Atomic Energy |
MITI |
Ministry of International Trade and Industry (Japan) |
MLS |
Microwave Landing System (DOT/FAA) |
MMC |
Marine Mammal Commission |
MMHSRP |
Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program |
MMPA |
Marine Mammal Protection Act |
MMS |
Minerals Management Services (DOI) |
MMTCE |
Million Metric Tons of Carbon Equivalent |
MND |
Ministry of National Defense (ROK) |
MNER |
Multilateral Nuclear Environmental Program in Russia |
MNR |
Ministry of Natural Resources (Suriname) |
MOA |
Memorandum of Agreement |
MOC |
Memorandum of Cooperation |
MOCT |
Ministry of Construction and Transportation (ROK) |
MOH |
Ministry of Health (Vietnam) |
MOMAF |
Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (ROK) |
MONBUSHO |
Ministry of Education, Science and Culture (Japan) |
MORT |
Ministry of Research and Technology (Germany) |
MOST |
Ministry of Science and Technology (Israel, Korea) |
MOSTE |
Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (Vietnam) |
MOU |
Memorandum of Understanding |
MOY |
Ministry of Transportation (Germany) |
MPLM |
Mini Pressurized Logistics Module (NASA) |
MPRM |
Marine Pollution Research and Monitoring |
MRC |
Marine Resources Committee (APEC) |
MRC |
Medical Research Council (U.K.) |
MRI |
Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
MRI |
Meteorological Research Institute (Korea's Meteorological Administration) |
MSAT |
Mobile Telecommunications Satellite |
MSC |
Marie Sklodowska Curie Fund (U.S.-Poland Science and Technology Joint Fund) |
MSMU |
Moscow State Mining University (Russia) |
MSS |
Meteorological Service Singapore |
MSS |
Mobile Satellite Services |
MTA |
Academy of Sciences (Hungary) |
MTCR |
Missile Technology Control Regime (25 members, established 1987) |
MTPE |
Mission to Planet Earth Program (NASA changed the program name to simply Earth Sciences) |
MUSIC |
Multi-Spectral Infrared Camera (DOD) |
MW |
International Mussell Watch |
-N- |
NABE |
North Atlantic Bloom Experiment (JGOFS) |
NABIN |
North American Biodiversity Network |
NABST |
National Advisory Board on Science and Technology (Canada) |
NAC |
North Atlantic Council (NATO) |
NACC |
North American Calibration Cooperation (DOC/NIST) |
NACC |
North Atlantic Cooperation Council (38 members, established 1991) (NATO) |
NACE |
North American Commission on the Environment |
NACEC |
North America Commission on Environmental Cooperation |
NAEC |
National Atomic Energy Commission (Hungary) |
NAFO |
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization |
NAFTA |
North America Free Trade Agreement |
NAGRA |
National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste (Switzerland) |
NAIP |
Nuclear Accident Incident Program |
NAM |
Nonaligned Movement (107 members plus the PLO, 21 observers and 21 guests, established 1961) |
NAPAP |
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program |
NARSTO |
North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone Charter |
NAS |
National Academy of Sciences |
NASA |
National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
NASCO |
North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization |
NASDA |
National Space Development Agency (Japan) |
NATO |
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (16 members, established 1949) |
NBC |
Nuclear Biological and Chemical Weapon |
NBII |
National Biological Information Infrastructure |
NBST |
National Biological Status and Trends Program |
NC |
Nordic Council (5 members - Denmark including Faroe and Greenland, Finland including Aland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, established 1952 |
NCA |
National Computerization Agency (ROK) |
NCAR |
National Center for Atmospheric Research (Boulder, Colorado) |
NCI |
National Cancer Institute (HHS/NIH) |
NCIH |
National Council for International Health |
NEA |
Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs (DOS) |
NEA |
Nuclear Energy Agency (23 members, established 1958) (OECD) |
NEI |
National Eye Institute (HHS/NIH) |
NEPA |
National Environmental Policy Act |
NEPA |
National Environmental Protection Agency (China) |
NERC |
Natural Environment Research Center (U.K.) |
NESDIS |
National Environment, Satellite, Data and Information Service (DOC/NOAA) |
NEST |
Network for Environment, Science and Technology |
NGO |
Non-Governmental Organization |
NHLBI |
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (HHS/NIH) |
NHMRC |
National Health Medical Research Council (Australia) |
NIA |
National Institute on Aging (HHS/NIH) |
NIAAA |
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (HHS/NIH) |
NIAID |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (HHS/NIH) |
NIAMS |
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (HHS/NIH) |
NIB |
Nordic Investment Bank (5 members -- Denmark including Faroe and Greenland, Finland including Aland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, established 1975) |
NICs |
Newly Industrializing Countries |
NICHD |
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HHS/NIH) |
NIDRR |
National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation (HHS/NIH) |
NIEs |
Newly Industrializing Economies |
NIH |
National Institutes of Health (HHS) |
NII |
National Information Infrastructure |
NIMH |
National Institute of Mental Health (HHS/NIH) |
NIMHANS |
National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (India) |
NINDS |
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (HHS/NIH) |
NIOSH |
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (HHS/NIH) |
NIS |
New Independent States (formerly part of the Soviet Union) |
NIST |
National Institute of Standards and Technology (formerly The Bureau of National Standards)(DOC) |
NIT |
Institute of Technology (Norway) |
NLL |
Northern Limit Line (ROK) |
NLM |
National Library of Medicine (HHS/NIH) |
NMC |
National Meteorological Center |
NMFS |
National Marine Fisheries Service (DOC/NOAA) |
NMR |
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (DOD) |
NMSAE |
The Netherlands Ministry for Social Affairs and Employment |
NNSA |
National Nuclear Safety Administration (China) |
NOAA |
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (DOC) |
NOX |
Nitrogen Oxides |
NP |
Bureau of Nonproliferation (DOS) |
NPA |
NATO Parliamentary Assembly |
NPAFC |
North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission |
NPB |
Neutral Particle Beam |
NPS |
National Park Service (DOI) |
NPTR |
Normal Permanent Trade Relations |
NRA |
National Rivers Authority (U.K.) |
NRAJ |
Natural Resource Authority of Jordan |
NRC |
National Research Council (part of National Academy of Sciences) |
NRC |
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission |
NRDC |
Natural Resources Defense Council |
NRL |
Naval Research Laboratory |
NRM |
National Resources Management Project (USAID & Indonesia) |
NRRC |
U.S. Nuclear Risk Reduction Center |
NSAB |
National Security Advisory Board (India) |
NSAU |
National Space Agency of Ukraine |
NSC |
National Science Council (Taiwan) |
NSC |
National Security Council (White House) |
NSCAT |
NASA Scatterometer |
NSDI |
National Space Data Infrastructure |
NSF |
National Science Foundation |
NSG |
Nuclear Suppliers Group (28 members, also known as the London Suppliers Group, established 1974) |
NSIDC |
National Snow and Ice Data Center |
NSPD |
National Space Policy Directive (White House) |
NS&T |
National Status and Trends Program |
NSTC |
National Science and Technology Council (announced in 9/93 as the merging of FCCSET, the National Space Council, and the National Critical Materials Council; established by Executive Order on 11/23/93) (White House) |
NTA |
New Transatlantic Agenda |
NTIA |
National Telecommunication and Information Administration (DOC) |
NTIS |
National Technical Information Service (DOC) |
NWS |
U.S. National Weather Service |
-O- |
OAS |
Organization of American States (35 members and 31 observers, established 1948) |
OAPEC |
Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (10 members, established 1968) |
OAU |
Organization of African Unity (52 members, established 1963) |
ODA |
Official Development Assistance |
ODA |
Overseas Development Administration |
ODC |
Office of Defense Controls (Japan) |
ODP |
Ocean Drilling Program |
ODP |
Ozone Depleting Potential |
ODS |
Ozone-Depleting Substances (which include CFC's) |
ODTC |
Office of Defense Trade Controls |
OECD |
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (25 members and 1 special member (EU), established 1960) |
OECS |
Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (7 members and 1 associate member, established 1981) |
OES |
Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs (DOS) |
OESI |
Oceans, Environment, and Science Initiatives |
OEWG |
Open-Ended Working Group |
OFWIM |
Organization of Fish and Wildlife Information Managers |
OIC |
Organization of the Islamic Conference (47 members and 4 observers, established 1969) |
OIG |
Office of Inspector General (DOS) |
OMFB |
National Technical Development Committee (Hungary) |
ONAP |
Office of National AIDS Policy |
ONR |
Office of Naval Research (DOD) |
OOB |
Opening of Business (Beginning of Workday) |
OOSA |
Office of Outer Space Affairs |
OPA 90 |
Oil Pollution Act of 1990 |
OPANAL |
Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la America Latina y el Caribe (Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean) |
OPCW |
Organization of the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons |
OPEC |
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (12 members, established 1960) |
OPIC |
Overseas Private Investment Corporation |
OPRC |
International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation of 1990 |
OPPTS |
Office in Charge of PCBs (EPA) |
ORISE |
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education |
OSI |
Open Society Institute of the Soros Foundation |
OST |
Office of Science and Technology (cabinet-level) (U.K.) |
OSTP |
Office of Science and Technology Policy (White House) |
OSVS |
Orbiter Space Vision System |
OTKA |
National Scientific Research Fund (Hungary) |
-P- |
P |
Office of the Under Secretary for Political Affairs (DOS) |
PA |
Bureau of Public Affairs (DOS) |
PCA |
Permanent Court of Arbitration (27 members) (UN) |
PAHO |
Pan American Health Organization (HHS) |
PAIGH |
Pan American Institute for Geography and History |
PAME |
Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment |
PARCA |
Pan American Railway Congress Association (DOT) |
PAVE |
Preparation for AIDS Vaccine Evaluation (HHS) |
PC |
Pacific Community (formerly the South Pacific Commission) |
PCB |
Polychlorinated biphenyls (possibly cancerous substance used in electrical equipment such as transformers) |
PCAST |
President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (White House) |
PCC |
Policy Coordinating Committee |
PCC/OES |
Policy Coordinating Committee for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs (OES) |
PEAC |
President's Envoy for AIDS Coordination |
PEIS |
Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement |
PER |
Program Evaluation Reports |
PFC |
Per Fluorinated Compounds |
PFP |
Partnership for Peace |
PGRFA |
Plant Genetic Resources for Agriculture |
PHARMA |
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers Association |
PHLIS |
Public Health Laboratory Information System (HHS/NIH/CDC) |
PhRMA |
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America |
PHS |
Public Health Service (HHS) |
PIC |
Prior Informed Consent |
PICES |
North Pacific Marine Science Organization |
PIERG |
Paldiski International Experts Reference Group (nuclear wastes/Baltics) |
PIN |
Pacific Island Nation |
PIPICO |
Panel on International Programs and Intergovernmental Cooperation in Oceans Affairs |
PIR |
Program Implementation Report |
P.L. |
Public Law |
PLA |
People's Liberation Army (China) |
PLO |
Palestinian Liberation Organization |
PM |
Bureau of Political-Military Affairs (DOS) |
PNC |
Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation (Japan) |
PNR |
Polish National Railways |
PNRI |
The Philippines Nuclear Research Institute |
POP |
Persistent Organic Pollutant |
POTUS |
President of the United States |
PPARC |
Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (U.K.) |
PRC |
People's Republic of China |
PRM |
Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration (DOS) |
PRS |
Policy Review Subcommittee (US-ROK) |
PSC |
Pacific Salmon Commission |
PSED |
Private Sector Energy Development Project |
PSR |
Physicians for Social Responsibility |
PUAE |
Agreement on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy |
PWRI |
Public Works Research Institute (Japan) |
-R- |
R |
Office of the Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs |
R&D |
Research and Development |
RAFI |
Rural Advancement Foundation International |
RAMSAR |
(NOT AN ACRONYM)FYI: Global intergovernmental treaty of 112 parties whose goals are to protect and enhance the world's diminishing wetland areas |
RAS |
Russian Academy of Sciences |
RASA |
Russian Aviation and Space Agency |
RCT |
Radomized Control Trial (HHS/CDC) |
RCU |
Regional Coordinating Unit |
RD&D |
Research, Development and Demonstration |
RDP |
Reconstruction and Development Program (U.S.-Russia) |
REAT |
Renewable Energy Applications and Training |
REC |
Regional Environmental Center |
RELAB |
Latin American Biological Network |
RERF |
Radiation Effects Research Foundation (Japan) |
RFBR |
Russian Foundation for Basic Research |
RFP |
Request For Proposal |
RG |
Rio Group (11 members, also known as Grupo de los Ocho, established 1946) |
RMENR |
Russian Ministry of Environment |
RMS |
Revised Management Scheme (involving whales - IWC) |
RNODC |
Responsible National Oceanographic Data Centre |
RONA |
Regional Office of North America |
ROPME |
Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment (Persian Gulf States, but not the Red Sea states of Egypt, Israel, or Jordan) |
ROSKOMNEDRH |
The Committee on Geology and the Use of Underground Resources (Russia) |
RSED |
Research and Scientific Exchanges Division (USDA) |
RSPA |
Research and Special Program Administration (UN/ESOC) |
RVOC |
Research Vessel Operators Council |
-S- |
S&T |
Science and Technology |
SA |
Bureau of South Asian Affairs (DOS) |
SAARC |
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (7 members -Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, established 1985) |
SABIT |
Special American Business Internship Training |
SACU |
South African Customs Union (9 members, established 1969) |
SADC |
South African Development Community (10 members, established 1992, evolving from the Southern African Development Coordination Conference) |
SADCC |
see SADC |
SAFISY |
Space Agency Forum for the International Space Year |
SAMHSA |
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (formerly ADAMHA, changed in 1992) (HHS) |
SAMPEX |
Solar, Anomalous and Magnetsospheric Particle Explorer |
SAO |
Senior Arctic Official |
SAR |
Second Assessment Report |
SARD |
Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development |
SARH |
Secretariat of Agriculture and Water Resources of the United Mexican States (Mexico) |
SASO |
Saudi Arabian Standards Organization (DOC/NIST) |
SATF |
South Asian Task Force |
SBI |
Subsidiary Body for Implementation (under the Climate Convention, the counterpart of the SBSTA) |
SBSTTA |
Subsidiary Body on Science, Technical, and Technological Advice (CBD) |
SCAR |
Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research |
SCOR |
Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research |
SCS |
Soil Conservation Service (USDA) |
SCTU |
Ukrainian Science and Technology Center |
SDSC |
San Diego Supercomputer Center |
SEANWFZ |
Southeast Asian Nuclear Weapons-Free Zone |
SEB |
State Electricity Board (India) |
SECOFI |
Ministry of Commerce and Industrial Development (Mexico) |
SECYT |
Secretariat for Science and Technology (Argentina) |
SEDESOL |
Mexican Environmental Agency (replaced with SEMARNAP in 1996) |
SEED |
U.S. Support for Eastern European Democracy Act |
SEL |
Space Environment Laboratory (DOC/NOAA) |
SEMAM |
Secretariat for the Environment of the Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil |
SEMARNAP |
Mexican Secretariat for Environmental Protection, Natural Resources and Fisheries |
SEMIP |
Secretariat of Energy, Mines and Parastatal Industry (Mexico) |
SENIR |
Irrigation Ministry (Brazil) |
SERDP |
Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (DOD) |
SERI |
Systems Engineering Research Institute (part of Korea's Institute of Science and Technology) |
SF |
Sulpher Hexafluoride |
SIDS |
Small Islands Developing States |
SIP |
State Implementing Plan |
SIR |
Spaceborne Imaging Radar (NASA) |
SIRG |
Summit Implementation Review Group |
SITRI |
Integral System for the Treatment of Industrial Residues (Venezuela) |
SKI |
Nuclear Power Inspectorate (Sweden) |
SLV |
Space Launch Vehicle |
SMI |
Smithsonian Institution |
SNAP |
Support for National Action Plans (FCCC) |
SNL |
Sandia National Laboratories (DOE) |
SOHO |
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory |
SOI |
Statement of Intent |
SOM |
Senior Officials' Meeting |
SOPAC |
South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission |
SOUNDING ROCKETS |
Rockets Launched Up to the Upper Atmosphere for Soundings of the Earth (NASA) |
S.P.A.W. |
Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife (DOI/NPS) |
SPARTECA |
South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement (15 members, established 1981) |
SPC |
South Pacific Commission (27 members, established 1947) (renamed PC - see PC) |
SPF |
South Pacific Forum (15 members and 1 observer, established 1971) |
SPM |
Summary for Policymakers |
SPREP |
South Pacific Regional Environmental Protection Program (DOT) |
SRC |
Science Research Center Program (Korea) |
SRMS |
Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (commonly known as "The Canada Arm") |
SSC |
Superconducting Super Collider |
SSCL |
Superconducting Super Collider Laboratory |
SSF |
Space Station Freedom |
STA |
Science and Technology Agency (Japan) |
STACFAC |
Standing Committee on Non-Contracting Party Fishing Activity in the Regulatory Area |
STCU |
Science and Technology Center in Ukraine |
STOL |
Short Takeoff and Landing Aircraft (DOD) |
STRIDE |
Science and Technology Reporting Information Distribution Enhancement program (DOS/NSF/NTIS) |
STS |
Space Transportation System (U.S. - Shuttle) |
STSC |
Scientific and Technical Subcommittee |
STSP |
Solar Terrestrial Science Program (NASA/ESA) |
STUK |
Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety (Finland) |
SWAS |
Short-Wave Astronomical Satellite |
SYG |
Secretary-General |
-T- |
T |
Office of the Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security and Senior Adviser to the President and the Secretary of State for Arms Control, Nonproliferation and Disarmament (DOS) |
TABD |
Transatlantic Business Dialogue |
TACD |
Transatlantic Consumers Dialogue |
TAED |
Transatlantic Environmental Dialogue |
TAHRP |
Trinational Animal Health Research Project (Egypt, Israel & U.S.) (USDA) |
TALD |
Transatlantic Labor Dialogue |
TBT |
Technical Barriers to Trade (WTO) |
TCAPP |
Technology Cooperation Agreements Pilot Project (AID, EPA, DOE) |
TCI |
Technology Characterization Inventory |
TCM |
Technical Committee Meeting |
TD/OCBE |
Trade Development/Ofice of Computers and Business Equipment |
TDR |
Global Tropical Disease Research Program (HHS) |
TEAP |
Technical and Economic Assessment Panel |
TECRO |
Taiwan's Economic and Cultural Representative Office (formerly CCNAA) (NRC) |
TED |
Sea Turtle Excluder Device |
TEIA |
Transboundary Environmental Impact Assessment |
TEMA |
Training, Education and Mutual Assistance in the Marine Sciences |
TEP |
Transatlantic Economic Partnership |
TEPA |
Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency |
TEPA |
Tribal Environmental Policy Law |
TEPAC |
Trade and Environment Policy Advisory Committee |
TFCA |
Tropical Forest Conservation Act |
TFAP |
Tropical Forestry Actions Plan |
TFTR |
Thermonuclear Fusion Tokamak Reactor |
THORP |
Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant (U.K.) |
TIA |
Transboundary Environmental Impact Assessment |
TMD |
Theater Missile Defense |
TMRC |
Tropical Medicine Research Cooperation (HHS) |
TNC |
Trade Negotiating Committee |
TOGA |
Tropical Oceans and Global Atmosphere Program |
TOMS |
Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (NASA) |
TOPEX |
Topography Ocean Experiment |
TPSC |
Trade Policy Staff Committee |
TRA |
Taiwan Relations Act |
TRAFFIC |
Trade Records Analysis of Flora and Fauna In Commerce |
TRIDE |
U.S.-Israel-Jordan Trilateral Initiative |
TRIPS |
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights |
TRMM |
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission |
TRP |
Technology Reinvestment Program (DOD) |
TRR |
Taiwan Research Reactor |
TSA |
Technical Safeguards Agreement |
TSCA |
U.S. Toxic Substances Control Act |
TSS |
Tethered Satellite System |
TTCP |
The Technical Cooperation Program (DOD) |
-U- |
UAE |
United Arab Emirates |
UARS |
Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite |
UGCC |
Umbrella Group on Climate Change |
UJDSR |
Nuclear Regulatory Authority of the Slovak Republic (NRC) |
UJNR |
United States-Japan Cooperative Program in National Resources |
UN |
United Nations (183 members excluding Yugoslavia, 2 observers plus the PLO, established 1945) |
UNCED |
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (1992) (UN) |
UNCITRAL |
United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UN) |
UNCLOS |
1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UN) |
UNCTAD |
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (187 members, established 1964) (UN) |
UNDOF |
United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (4 members, established 1974) (UN) |
UNDP |
United Nations Development Programme (48 members, established 1965)(UN) |
UNECE |
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN) |
UNED |
United Nations Environment and Development |
UNEP |
United Nations Environment Programme (58 members, established 1972) (UN) |
UNESCO |
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (178 members and 3 observers, established 1945) (UN) |
UNFCCC |
U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UN) |
UNFF |
United Nations Forum on Forests (UN) |
UNFPA |
United Nations Population Fund (51 members, established 1967) (UN) |
UNGA |
United Nations General Assembly (184 members) (UN) |
UNGASS |
United Nations General Assembly Special Session (UN) |
UNHCR |
United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (46 members, established 1949) (UN) |
UNICEF |
United Nations Children's Fund (41 members, established 1946) (UN) |
UNIDO |
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (165 members, established 1966) (UN) |
UNISPACE |
United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN) |
UNOLS |
University-National Oceanographic Laboratory Systems |
UNSE |
United Nations Security Council (5 permanent members, 10 nonpermanent members, established 1945) (UN) |
UNVIE |
U.S. Mission to International Organizations in Vienna |
UPU |
Universal Postal Union (UN) |
USACE |
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (DOD) |
USAEP |
U.S.-Asia Environmental Partnership |
USAID |
U.S. Agency for International Development |
USCG |
United States Coast Guard |
USCSP |
U.S. Country Studies Program (FCCC) |
USDA |
U.S. Department of Agriculture |
USEC |
U.S. Mission to European Communities |
USFK |
U.S. Forces Korea |
USFS |
U.S. Forest Service (USDA) |
USFWS |
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |
USG |
U.S. Government |
USGCRP |
U.S. Global Change Research Program |
USGS |
U.S. Geological Survey (DOI) |
USIA |
U.S. Information Agency (known abroad as USIS) |
USIF |
U.S.-India Fund for Cultural, Educational and Scientific Cooperation (DOS) |
USIJI |
U.S. Initiative on Joint Implementation |
USINT |
U.S. Interests Section |
USIS |
see USAID |
USISTC |
U.S.-Israel Science and Technology Commission |
USJCMSP |
U.S.-Japan Cooperative Medical Science Program |
USLO |
U.S. Liaison Office |
USMARC |
U.S. Machine Readable Cataloging |
USNATO |
U.S. Mission to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
US-OBI |
United States Organization for Biodiversity Information |
USOECD |
U.S. Mission to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development |
USSR |
(former) Union of Soviet Socialist Republics |
USTR |
United States Trade Representative |
USUN |
U.S. Mission to the United Nations |
-V- |
VAMAS |
Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards |
VAP |
Vaccine Action Program (U.S.-India) |
VATESI |
Lithuania's Nuclear Power Safety Inspectorate (and Nuclear Regulatory Agency) (NRC) |
VIT |
Technical Research Center (Finland) |
VOTE |
Vortex Ozone Transport Experiment |
VPOTUS |
Vice President of the United States |
VMS |
Vessel Monitoring System |
-W- |
WADB |
West African Development Bank (7 members -Benin, Burkina, Cote D'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo, also known as Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement, established 1973) |
WAICENT |
World Agricultural Information Center |
WB |
World Bank |
WBI |
World Bank Institute |
WCL |
World Confederation of Labor (99 national organizations, established 1920 as the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions (renamed in 1968) |
WCMC |
World Conservation Monitoring Center |
WCNDR |
World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction (UN) |
WCO |
World Customs Organization |
WCP |
World Climate Programme |
WCRP |
World Climate Research Programme (WMO) |
WCSF |
Western Cape Science Education Forum (South Africa) |
WDC |
World Data Centre |
WEC |
World Environmental Center |
WEFTEC |
Water Environment Federal Technical Conference |
WEOG |
Western European and Others Group |
WEU |
Western European Union (9 members, 4 associate members, and 2 observers, established 1954) |
WFC |
World Food Council (36 members, established 1974) (UN) |
WFP |
World Food Program (42 members, established 1961) (UN/FAO) |
WFTU |
World Federation of Trade Unions (86 members, established 1945) |
WHA |
Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs (changed from ARA-Bureau of Inter- American Affairs in 1999; now includes North, Central and South America and Canada) (DOS) |
WHC |
World Heritage Convention |
WHO |
World Health Organization (186 members, established in 1946) (UN) |
WIPO |
World Intellectual Property Organization |
WIPO |
World International Patents Organization (140 members, established 1967) |
WIPP |
Waste Isolation Pilot Plant |
WMD |
Weapons of Mass Destruction |
WMO |
World Meteorological Organization (173 members, established 1947) (UN) |
WOCE |
World Ocean Circulation Research Unit (CEES) or World Ocean Circulation Research Experiment |
WOE |
World Environment Organization |
WP |
Warsaw Pact (established May 14, 1955) |
WPB |
Working Party on Biotechnology |
WRC-2000 |
World Radio Communication Conference 2000 |
WS |
Workshop |
WSSD |
World Summit on Sustainable Development |
WTO |
World Trade Organization |
WTO |
World Tourism Organization (109 members, 4 associate members, and 1 observer (Holy See), established 1975) |
WWF |
World Wide Fund for Nature (also called World Wildlife Fund) |
WWW |
World Weather Watch |
-Y- |
YARU |
Yale Arbovirus Research Unit (HHS) |
-Z- |
ZC |
Zangger Committee (29 members, established in the early 1970s) |